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World's largest penguin colony shrinks two-thirds in just 14 years

Researchers say warming seas and shifting krill supplies drove the loss, while macaroni penguins rose 28% and now outnumber chinstraps.

  • On Wednesday, a British Antarctic Survey study revealed that Zavodovski Island's chinstrap penguin population fell 63% between 2011 and 2025. The volcanic island lost its title as the world's largest penguin colony to Cape Adare.
  • Climate-Driven warming has forced Antarctic krill southward into the Weddell Sea, disrupting the chinstraps' primary food source. Professor Norman Ratcliffe, the study's lead author, explained that chinstraps cannot tolerate the icy waters required to reach these retreating supplies.
  • Unlike chinstraps, macaroni penguins have a broader diet and their population rose 28% while remaining stable. Researchers ruled out the 2016 Mount Curry eruption as the primary cause, noting the decline preceded the volcanic event.
  • Populations across the South Sandwich Islands—home to 38% of the species—are falling, raising concerns among experts. Study findings suggest these declines could lead to an "endangered" classification on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  • Researchers warn that even the most remote parts of the planet are not immune to climate change. This numerical shift represents the most striking change in penguin community composition ever observed at a single location in Antarctica.
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In 2011, Zavodovski was the world's largest penguin population. Since then, the number of rein penguins has fallen by 63 percent. However, another penguin species defies the dramatic trend.

·Berlin, Germany
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Lean Right

The chinstrap penguins living on Zavodovski Island in the South Atlantic Ocean no longer form the largest penguin colony in the world. Research by biologists indicates that the number of penguins living on this island has decreased by nearly two-thirds since 2011. This is due to a food shortage, most likely as a result of climate change.

·Amsterdam, Netherlands (Kingdom of the)
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Science broke the news in Washington, United States on Wednesday, October 7, 2026.
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